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1882 — Eduard Spranger was born. Spranger generated an early trait theory of personality that was based on religious, scientific, social, aesthetic, economic, and political types. In addition to these psychological elements, Spranger posited human physical and spiritual dimensions. He is considered a forerunner of humanistic psychology because of his spiritual emphasis.
1918 — The Vocational Rehabilitation Act (Public Law 65-178) was signed, providing the first federal rehabilitation programs.
1923 — The "First Ordinary General Meeting" of Great Britain's National Council for Mental Hygiene was held. Clifford W. Beers, leader of the American mental hygiene movement, was an honored guest.
1951 — The first conference on improving instruction in undergraduate psychology in the United States, the National Conference on the Undergraduate Curriculum in Psychology, began at Cornell University. Dael Wolfle served as chair. Other participants were Claude E. Buxton, Charles N. Cofer, John W. Gustad, Robert B. MacLeod, and Wilbert J. McKeachie. The group recommended course objectives and a sample curriculum for psychology departments.
1988 — The Employee Polygraph Protection Act (Public Law 100-347) was signed, prohibiting the use of "lie detectors" in any phase of hiring, advancement, or dismissal of an employee. Some areas, such as national security and drug distribution, were exempted.
1989 — The petition to create APA Division 48 (Peace Psychology) was submitted. Michael G. Wessells was head of the petitioning group. The first general appeal for signatures was made in a letter by Gregory Marotta-Sims in the APA Monitor published May 1, 1984.
1990 — The first International Congress of Behavioral Medicine began in Uppsala, Sweden.
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