APA Historical Database: Selected Entries

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On July 12:

1813 — Claude Bernard was born. Bernard was an experimental physiologist whose work on the internal environment anticipated the concept of homeostasis.

1882 — "Anna O." was transferred from Josef Breuer's care to the Sanatorium Bellevue in Kreutzlingen, Switzerland.

1926 — Ivan P. Pavlov finished the foreword to Gleb V. Anrep's English translation of his Conditioned Reflexes. Anrep chose to use the word reinforce in his translation, the first appearance of the word in its psychological context. For Anrep and Pavlov, it referred to the presentation of an unconditioned stimulus after observing a conditioned response.

1948 — Alfred C. Kinsey set an attendance record for the Harmon Gymnasium at the University of California, Berkeley with a lecture on his research on human sexual behavior.

1962 — The Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior was first published by Academic Press. Leo Postman was the journal's editor.

1974 — The APA Commission on Behavior Modification, chaired by Sidney Bijou, first met to examine the ethical use of behavior modification in prisons. It found that some unethical methods were wrongly labeled behavior modification, that some protests were raised because the procedure actually controlled behavior, and that following existing ethical standards would resolve most problems.

1974 — President Nixon signed Public Law 93-348, providing protection for human participants in biomedical and behavioral research. Senator Edward Kennedy was primary sponsor of the bill. Two psychologists, Joseph Brady and Eliot Stellar, were named to the first National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research.

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